Many patients hear terms like bulging disc, herniated disc, or protruding disc and assume they’re all the same. Even healthcare providers sometimes use these terms interchangeably, which can cause confusion. In this section, we’ll clarify the differences and explain what these terms really mean using diagrams and plain language.
The information below is based on guidelines from the North American Spine Society, the American Society of Spine Radiology, and the American Society of Neuroradiology.
What Is a Bulging Disc?
“Bulging disc” is a descriptive term, not a formal diagnosis. It refers to the way a disc may appear on imaging—where the disc tissue extends beyond its normal boundary around the vertebrae.
In rare cases, this bulge happens symmetrically around the entire disc. However, this is not commonly seen on MRIs or CT scans. More often, what is described as a bulging disc is actually a form of disc herniation.
Understanding Herniated Discs
A herniated disc occurs when the inner material of the disc pushes through a weakened area of the outer layer. This is a more specific condition, and there are two main ways herniations are categorized:
Broad-based herniation:
Involves 25–50% of the disc’s circumference
Focal herniation:
Involves less than 25% of the disc’s circumference
Depending on the shape and behavior of the herniated material, a disc may be further classified as a protrusion (the material is still contained within the outer layer) or an extrusion (the material breaks through and may press on nearby nerves).
These terms are typically found in MRI or CT reports and provide a more accurate picture of what’s occurring at the spinal level.
Why Symptoms Occur
When disc material presses on nearby nerve roots or the spinal cord, it can lead to a range of symptoms, including:
Back or leg pain
Numbness or tingling
Muscle weakness
In some cases, pain results from damage to the disc’s outer layer, known as the annulus fibrosis. The outer third of this structure contains nerve fibers, and when inner disc material moves into or through a damaged area, it can become a source of ongoing pain. This condition is called internal disc disruption and may not show up clearly on imaging, but it is considered an early stage of disc herniation.
Our Treatment Approach
DiscHealingSolution® is designed to address these types of disc conditions by reducing pressure within the spine and encouraging the body’s natural healing processes.
This method works by creating negative pressure within the disc, which can:
Help reposition displaced disc material
Improve the flow of water and nutrients into the disc
Support the formation of collagen, a key protein in tissue repair
Over time, this can help close small tears in the annulus fibrosis and improve the overall health of the disc. Once pain is under control, we guide patients through a rehabilitation program focused on stabilizing the spine and preventing future injury.
Conditions We Treat
Each of the following conditions is a result of one core problem—something we identify and explain clearly during our consultation.
Sciatica
The sciatic nerve forms from multiple spinal nerve roots and travels from your lower back down through your legs. When compressed or inflamed, it causes pain, numbness, or tingling.
Herniated Disc
A disc herniation can result from repetitive stress, poor posture, trauma, or aging. It’s often called a “slipped” or “ruptured” disc and can cause serious, lasting pain.
Bulging Disc
Often used as a general term, a “bulging disc” usually refers to a herniated disc. There are two types: broad-based and focal herniations. We help you understand what’s really happening.
Degenerative Disc Disease
As we age, the discs between our vertebrae lose hydration and elasticity. This process can accelerate with certain jobs, injuries, or genetic factors, leading to chronic discomfort.
Spinal Stenosis
Common in adults over 50, this condition involves the narrowing of the spinal canal, which can compress nerves and lead to various symptoms depending on the location and severity.
Numbness & Tingling
These sensations in the arms, hands, legs, or feet often indicate nerve compression from a damaged disc. Early evaluation is key to preventing further damage.